Fuel oil composition



Patented Apr. 10, 1951 FUEL OIL COMPOSITION John B. R. Caron, North Plainfield, and Everett B. Glendenning, Oranford, N. J., and Calmy Wies, New York, N. Y., assignors to Shell Development Company, San Francisco, Calif., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application July 6, 1948 Serial No. 37,306

20 Claims. 1

This invention pertains to improvement in hydrocarbon fuels and more particularly to fuel oil compositions capable of preventing or inhibiting the s1udging and/or clogging tendencies generally exhibited by hydrocarbon fuels, such as those utilized in burner systems, tanks, diesel and combustion engines, and various other industrial and domestic equipment. In addition, this invention relates to fuel oil compositions capable of removing preformed deleterious 'matter from filters, screens, and the like, caused by deterioration and/or the presence of foreign bodies (e. g. water) in fuel oils.

Hydrocarbons, such as distillate fuels, for example, those having a normal distillation range of from about 300 F. to about 750 F. and particularly those fuels having a distillation of from about 340 F. to about 640 F., generally have a marked tendency to deteriorate under oxidizing conditions, and to form sludge. Also, the presenceof impurities in suchfuels, such as the presence of moisture, dispersed water, organic and/or inorganic foreign matter, and the like, causes the formation of insoluble products which tend to settle out and adhere to surfaces with which they come in contact, thereby in turn, causing clogging or plugging of filters, strainers, screens, conduit lines, and the like, of the equipment in which they are used; This necessitates frequent cleaning and even replacement of parts, thereby markedly decreasing the performance efficiency of various equipment which utilizes such fuel oils.

' The problem of screen clogging is common, particularly in domestic fuel oil systems employing distillate fuel oils produced by distilling or cracking of petroleum, which fuels, are characterized by their relatively low viscosity and other properties. Fuel oils of this type generally conform to the specifications set forth in Commercial Standards C. S. 12-40 for Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Fuel Oils. Petroleum distillates within the ranges specified and which generally do not exceed 750 F. and preferably are below 675 F. for use as diesel fuels are further examples of the type of oils which under conditions described have a tendency towards screen or filter clogging, particularly when they contain minor amounts of water dispersed therein.

Another place where screen clogging and plugging of conduit lines is encountered is in storage tanks for fuel oils, which tanks may be connected to the burner systems or engines, etc. The stored fuel generally comes in contact with air, moisture, water, etc,', which causes formation and precipitation'of sludge materials which, in turn, deposit on and clog the screens or filters used for protecting the burners or engines which use such oils asthe fuel;

v It is an object of this invention to inhibit sludging tendencies of hydrocarbon fuel oils. It is another object of this invention to inhibit sludging and precipitation of contaminants in hydrocarbon distillate fuel oils and particularly in cracked hydrocarbon fuels. It is still another object of this invention to provide distillate fuel oils and particularly fuel oils obtained during cracking of hydrocarbons, which have excellent performance characteristics with respect to freedom from screen clogging, even after extensive storage under oxidizing conditions and in the presence of water: 'Still another object of this invention is to provide a distillate fuel oil composition which is effective in removing preformed sludge deposits formed in fuel oil systems. Still another object of this invention is to provide a particular type of distillate fuel oil composition, andblends thereof, which are non-corrosive and stable, and which are effective for cleaning and sludge removing. I The above and other objects of this inventio maybeattained by dispersing, admixing or dissolving in hydrocarbon fuel oils (which normally have a tendency to cause clogging or plugging of screens, filters, conduit lines and the like), a minor amount, which amount is sufficient to inhibit said tendencies, of a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, said esters containing one and preferably more than one free hydroxy groups; these partial esters may be considered asacting as surface active agents. If desired, a

-minor amount of a-detergent-and/or solutizer may also be added tothe'composition.

The-hydrocarbon distillate fuel oils in which the active ingredient and/or ingredients of this invention are dispersed or dissolved may be treated or untreated catalytically cracked fuel oils, or mixtures or cracked fuels with straight run fuel oils, having components normally distilling from about 300 F. to about 750 F. Generally such fuels of the type under discussion have a boiling rangeof from about 340 F. to

about 700 F. and preferably a boiling range of catalytic cracking of certain petroleum hydro carbon feed-stocks. Both the cracked fuels, as

well as blends of cracked and straight run fuels,

. 3 tillates which are utilized as bases in compositions of this invention are cracked gas oils, fuel oils, furnace oils, burner oils, diesel fuel oils, kerosene, etc, and mixtures of said cracked fuels with the corresponding or like straight run hydrocarbon fractions, e. g. fuel oils, etc.

Fuel oils which have marked tendencies to wards sludging and clogging of screens, filters;

etc., are primarily cracked or blends of cracked and straight run fuel oils which may have the following properties:

Gravity, API 29-35 ASTM dist, F.:

IBP 400-500 EBP 600-700; Sulfur, per cent W 0.5 1'.05

Carbon residue (10% Btms.) per cent W- 0.1-0.4 Pour point, F. -15

The surface active agents which possess the unique property of inhibiting sludge formation or removing performeddeposits from surfaces, thereby preventing clogging of systems utilizing fuels normally susceptible to such deterioration are partial esters of polyhydric alcohols and/or modified partial esters of polyhydric alcohols.

One group of esters which is useful as anti clogging agents in fueloil compositions may be derived from polyhydric alcohols such as glycerine, glycol, glycol-ethers and their polymerization products such as the polyglycols and polyglycerines. Other polyhydric alcohols which may be used to form. the esters are erythritol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, dulcitol, etc. The acid components of the partial esters may be aliphatic carboxylic. acids, e. g. capric, lauric, stearic, oleic acids; fatty acids derived from natural fats and oils; cyclic carboxylic acids, e. g. naphthenic acids; aromatic carboxylic acids, alkyl aromatic carboxylic acids, aralkyl carboxylic acids, e. g. benzoic, salicylic, alkyl salicylic, phthalic, phenyl-acetic, phenyl-stearic, phenyloleic acid s, rosin acids; sulfonic acids, such as petroleum sulfonic acids, alkyl or aryl sulfonic acidsyphosphoric, phosphonic, phosphinic acids and the like. i The acids may contain various substituent groups such as branch chains, polar groups such as hydroxy, hydrosulfide, halo, amino groups and the like. u 7 i r Specific esters of this groupmay be glyceryl mono-oleate, glyceryl I monostearate, glyceryl monoricinoleate, pentaerythritol monolaurate, pentaerythritol mono and dioleate, pentaerythri tol monocaprylate, mono, di, and triethylene glycol mono-cleate, propylene glycol monoricinoleate; monoethylene glycol mono-oleate, triethylene glycol monostearate, sorbitol monolaurate, mannitol mono-oleate, mannitol dioleate, sorbitol dioleate, etc. h u

Another group'of partial esters of polyhydric alcohols may be obtained from partially dehydrated polyhydric alcohols. Partial dehydration converts such an alcohol to an inner ether type of compound having hydroxy groups. Specific examples of the polyhydric alcohols which may be dehydrated and then esterified with a suitable acid or acids are mannitol, sorbitol, dulcitol and the like. i Acids particularly useful for the esterification of the cyclic ether-alcohols are fatty acids containing 8 or more carbonatoms and may be derived from natural fats and oils or pure fatty acids or their mixtures may be used. The free fatty acids may be exemplified by capric, palmitic, oleic, stearic acid or the like.

In addition to the fatty acids other acids as noted above may be used and specifically may be exemplified by naphthenic, sulfonic and salicylic acids.

Esters of this type which are particularly suitable as anti-clogging agents in fuel oil compositions may be prepared by the method described in U. S. Patent 2,322,820. Examples of such esters which must contain at least one and preferably more than one free hydroxy group are sorbitan mono and dioleate, sorbitan mono and dilaurate, manm'tan' mono and distearate, mannitan mono and diolea'te} sorbitan mono and dipalmitate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan monosulfonate, sorbitan mononaphthenate, mannitan monolaurate, etc.

Still another group of partial esters obtained from polyhydric alcohols which are useful as surface active agents in compositions of this invention, are the cyclic ether-alcohol esters as described above which-have been modified by being further reacted with an alkylene oxide or a polyalkylene oxide. Thus a sorbitan mono-oleate may be further modified by treatment with ethylene oxide to formthe hydroxy ether of sorbitan mono-oleate. Other modified esters of this type may be the polyoxyalkylene sorbitan monostearate, polyoxyalkylenesorbitan mono-oleate, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan di and tri-oleate, etc.

The polyhydric alcohol esters such as sorbitolmono-oleate-or the like may be also modified by being reacted with an alkyleneoxide or polyalkylene oxide to form such esters as polyoxyalkylene sorbitol mono-oleate, mixed oleic-lauric acid ester of polyoxyalkylene sorbitol, oleic ester of polyoxyal-kylene mannitol, mixed lauric acid ester of sorbitol polyoxyalkylene ethers and polyglycols, etc. 7

If desired, and under'certai-n conditions of use, it is preferred to add detergents to compositions of this invention. The function of the detergent agents in compositions of this invention is to act-v as peptizersand aidin inhibiting or preventing the settling and adhering of impurities and sludge to surfaces and allow any impurities present or formed to passthrough the screen or filter system.

Detergentswhich may-be used are alkali, alkaline earth and heavy metals and organic nitrogen base salts of various organic acids. The acidic portion of such detergents may be naphthenic acid, sulfonic acids. aromatic and hydroX-y aromatic carboxylic acids, aliphatic acids, said acids containing, if desired, substituent groups, e; g., an amino, hydroxide; mercapto, halo and sulfur groupsand the likes Also phenates, alcoholates; carbamates, thiocarbamate s, xanthates, etc.-, may be used; v

Particularly preferred class of detergents are the salts ofalkyl substituted phenol sulfides or its. selenide and/or its telluride equivalent. These phenolic salts may be representedby the general formulas:

wherein M is ametal; R and R represent at least one alkyl radical attached to the aromatic ring Ar, the total number of carbon atoms in all of such radicals being at least 5; X is O and/or S; Q is S, Se, or Te andn is an integer of from 1 to 4.

To form the salts of these phenolic compounds they may be treated with such metal compounds as Li, Na, K, Cu, Hg, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, Sn, Fe, etc. Alkaline earth metals are particularly preferred because of their solubility in hydrocarbons and potent detergent properties.

In addition to the normalsalts' of phenolic compounds, basic salts may be used and can be represented by the formula M-XH M-XH l X I R-LrQn-A1-R wherein the symbols are the same as referred to in the previous formulas. These basic salts may be formed by reacting the aromatic acidic compounds with more than the amount of metal oxide of hydroxide necessary to form the normal salt.

Some specific compounds as represented by the above formulas are: barium tertiary octyl phenol sulfide and disulfide, barium ditertiary amyl phenol sulfide, calcium iso-hexadec'yl phenol sulfide, magnesium tertiary amyl phenol sulfide, cobalt tertiary amyl phenol sulfide, barium dodecyl salicylate sulfide, sulfide of the barium salt of the ethyl ester of p-hydroxy dithiobenzoic acid, calcium octyl phenol selenide, etc. The amount of detergent salt used may vary from between about 5 and 15% and preferably is kept below i Another preferred class of detergents comprises the alkali (e. g. Na, Li, K) and/ or alkaline earth metal (e. g. Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) salts of petroleum sulfonic acids, preferably of high molecule weight, derived from petroleum hydrocarbon crudes and fractions thereof, which are the socalled mixed type i. e. containing naphthenic type hydrocarbons.

These oil-soluble petroleum sulfonates may be obtained by various processes, such as those disclosed in the U. S. patents, 2,388,677, 2,395,713, 2,413,311, 2,414,773, 2,416,397, and if desired, purified by such means as those disclosed in U. S. patents, 2,236,933, 2,334,532, 2,357,866, 2,368,452, and 2,406,753.

Te metal salts of the specific type of petroleum sulfonic acid under discussion or other type of detergents may be added to the concentrate or base in amounts of from about 5% to about and preferably below 10%.

In systems wherein substantial amounts of moisture are present a drying agent may be added which is compatible with the active ingredients decylene glycol, cetylene glycol, etc; diglycols such as dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, diamylene glycol, ether alcohols and particularly the glycol mono alkyl ethers, e. g., the Cellosolves such as ethylene glycol mono-ethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-propyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-tert.-butyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol mono-ethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-isoamyl ether, etc. Also glycol mono-tert-butyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-butyl ether, propylene glycol mono-ethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-isoamyl ether, etc. Also glycerine and the like may be used. v

The amount of these drying agent materials, when used, constitutes a substantial portion of the base and generally is around about 50% or more. However, under certain conditions these materials may be omitted from the base.

, The following is a general formula of a base composition of this invention:

Per cent 7 Partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol alcohol containing at least one free hydroxy group and/ or modified esters thereof 10-20 Detergent e. g. phenate, sulfonate, etc. 0-10 Drying agent, e. g. glycol ether 0-50 of this invention. By tying up most of the free glycol mono-decyl ether, etc. also diprop-ylene glycol mono-ethyl, dipropylene mono-isopropyl ether, dipropylene glycol mono-isoamyl ether, diisobutylene glycol-mono isopropyl ether, ethylene-propylene glycol mono ethyl ether, ethyleneisobutylene glycol mono-isopropyl ether, etc. Instead of the glycol-ethers, various alcohols may be used such as diols having 6 or more carbon atoms in the molecule such as hexylene glycol,

Hydrocarbon fuel oil Balance Specific base (concentrate) compositions may be illustrated by the following examples:

Composition A: Per cent Sorbitan monolaurate 10 Hydrocarbon fuel oil 90 Composition B:

Mannitan monolaurate 10 Hydrocarbon fuel oil 90 Composition C:

Mixed lauric acid ester of sorbitol polyoxya1klene ether and polyglycols 10 Hydrocarbonfuel oil 90 Composition D:

Polyethylene glycol mono or dioleate 10 Hydrocarbon fuel oil- 1 90 Composition E: I

Glyceryl monooleate 10 Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10 Hydrocarbon fuel oil Q. Composition F:

Sorbitan monooleate 15 Barium salt of alkyl phenol disulfide 10 Hydrocarbon fuel oil Balance Composition Gi Sorbitan monooleate 15 Sodium petroleum sulfonate l5 Barium salt of alkyl phenol disulfide 5 Hydrocarbon fuel oil Balance Composition I-I: Per cent Sorbitol monooleate 1 Sodium petroleum sulfonate '5 Hydrocarbon fuel oil Balance Composition I:

Sorbitan monolaurate modified with ethylene oxide 10 Diethylene glycol monobutyl ether 20 Hydrocarbon fuel oil Balance Composition J:

Sorbitan monolaurate l Hydrocarbon fuel oil 9 0 aria-s47 Compositions of this .invention are generally mixed in amounts of 1 pint or less with from about 250-to about 1000gallons of fuel oil. Thus, for example, on a percentage basis of fuel used, one-pint of anyone of the compositions described above per 250 gallons of fuel would correspond to'approximately the following concentration of the active ingredients: Partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol as described-0.0025 to 0.005%; detergent, 0110 about 0.0025%; drying agent, to about 0.0265%.

To inhibit any corrosive tendencies of fuel compositions of this invention a minute amount of caustic or aromatic nitrogen'compound such as aniline may be added. These compounds act as alkaline reserves and render the fuel compositions substantially non-corrosive to copper, brass, and other metals.

The following illustrates the effectiveness of compositions of this invention as sludge inhibitors and anti-clogging agents.

Example I To a number of samplebottles each containing approximately 50cc. of fuel oil normally susceptible to cause clogging a minute amount of about 0.15 cc. of water was added and also to each sample bottle-about 0.05% of a specific base composition as noted in the table below was also added. The bottles were shaken thoroughly and then permitted to stand for about one hour. Suspension properties of water and inert particles were observed and noted after one hour. After one hour of standing the bottles were shaken again and the contents poured into a very fine strainer container. Wetting and drainage properties on the bottle were observed just before and after removal of contents. The time of etflux of the composition was notedfor each composition and the condition of the strainer observed.

Ea'ample II Another test, the results of which are alsotabulated below, in order to determine the effectiveness of compositions of this invention for antis'ludging and clogging properties was conducted in the following manner: About 0.05% of base compositions of this invention was added to fuel oils containing entrained moisture. The samples were allowed to age for two days. These samples were then shaken and evaluated for their anticlogging properties, as related in the preceding paragraph.

rators,iheat exchangersdistillation and cracking equipment and thellike. They are non-corrosive and do :not interfere with the functioning of the liquid inwhich dispersed.

.It is to be understood that while the features of the in-vention have-been described and illustrated in connection with certain specific examples this invention, however, is not to be limited thereto or otherwise restricted, except by the scope of the appended claims.

We claim as our invention:

1. A fuel oil containing-substantial amount of cracked components and entrained moisture and normally susceptible to cause clogging said fuel oil rendered non-clogging by incorporation therein from about 0.0025 to about0z005% of sorbitan monolaurate.

2. A fuel oil containing substantial amount of crackedcomponents and entrained moisture and normally susceptible to cause clogging said 'fuel oil rendered non-clogging by incorporation'therein from about 0.0025 to about 0.005% of polyoxyalkylene derivative of 'a partial'ester-of sorbitan oleate.

3. A fuel oil containing substantial amount of cracked components and entrained moisture and normally susceptible to cause clogging said fuel oil rendered non-clogging by incorporation therein from about-0.0025 to about 0.005% of a partial ester of polyethylene glycol oleate.

4. A fuel oil containing'substantial amount of cracked'components and entrained moisture and normally susceptible to cause clogging said fuel oil rendered non-clogging by incorporation therein fromabout00025 to about 0.005% of-sorbitan monolaurate and about 0;0025% of barium salt of alkylphenol disulfide.

5. A "fuel oil containing substantial amount of cracked components and entrained moisture and normally susceptible to cause clogging said fuel oil rendered non-clogging by incorporation therein from about 0.0025 to about 0.005% of polyoxyalkylene derivative of a partial ester of sorbitan oleate and about 0.0025% of barium salt of alkyl phenol disulfide.

6. A fuel oil containing substantial amount of cracked components and entrained moisture and normally susceptible to cause clogging said fuel oil rendered non-clogging by incorporation therein from about 011025 to about 0.005% of a partial ester of polyethylene glycol oleate and about 0.0025% barium salt of alkyl phenol disulfiole.

7. A fuel oil containing substantial amount of Properties evaluated immediately after 0;05% or less base comadding concentrate to fuel oil Same a igg g% of fuel ml position as noted in (Example I) p fuel oil containing entrained moisture Strainer Drainage Suspension Strainer Drainage Suspension Composition A Excellent ExcellenL.-- Exccllent EXCBHGDIJ Exce1lent- Excellent. Composition B Good. Fair Fair Fair Composition K Excellent do do Do. Composition D. d Excellent Excellent Excellent. Composition J' dn n dn dn Do. Composition 0......... do Good Good do do Do. Composition F 0 do Do. Composition H do xcellent Excellent... do do Do. Uudoped fuel oil Poor. Poor. Poor. Poor.. Poor Poor.

To compositions of this invention may be added minor amounts of a foaming inhibitor such as silicon liquids, e. g., dimethyl silicone, fluoro organic compounds, fiuoro paraffins, salts of alkyl alkylene phosphates and the like. Compositions of this invention may be used to remove deposits,

formed on metal surfaces such as in tubes, evapo- 76 cracked components and entrained moisture and normally susceptible to cause clogging said fuel oil rendered non-clogging by incorporation therein from about 0.0025 to about 0.005% of sorbitan monolaurate and about 0.0025% of alkali metal petroleum sulfonate.

8. A fuel oil containing substantial amount of cracked components and entrained moisture and normally susceptible to cause clogging said fuel oil rendered non-clogging by incorporation therein from about 0.0025 to about 0.005% of polyoxyalkylene derivative of a partial ester of sorbitan oleate and about 0.0025% of alkali metal petroleum sulfonate.

9. A fuel oil containing substantial amount of cracked components and entrained moisture and normally susceptible to cause clogging said fuel oil rendered non-clogging by incorporation therein from about 0.0025 to about 0.005% of a partial ester of polyethylene glycol oleate and about 0.0025% of alkali metal petroleum sulfonate.

10. A fuel oil containing substantial amount of cracked components and entrained moisture and normally susceptible to cause clogging said fuel oil rendered non-clogging by incorporation therein from about 0.0025% to about 0.005% of a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol, said ester having at least one free hydroxyl group and about 0.0025% of a detergent selected from the class consisting of oil-soluble metal phenate and metal petroleum sulfonate.

11. An anti-clogging concentrate adapted to be added to hydrocarbon fuel oil containing substantial cracked components and normally susceptible to clogging, said concentrate consisting essentially of from 10-20% sorbitan monolaurate and the balance being a fuel oil having a boiling range Within the range of from 300 to 750 F. and containing substantial cracked components.

12. An anti-clogging concentrate adapted to be added to hydrocarbon fuel oil containing substantial cracked components and normally susceptible to clogging, said concentrate consisting essentially of from 10-20% polyoxyalkylene derivative of a partial ester of sorbitan and oleic acid and the balance being a liquid hydrocarbon distillate fraction having a boiling range of from 300 to 700 F.

13. An anti-clogging concentrate adapted to be added to hydrocarbon fuel oil containing substantial cracked components and normally susceptible to clogging, said concentrate consisting essentially of from 10-20 sorbitan monolaurate, about 10% barium salt of alkyl phenol sulfide and the balance being a liquid hydrocarbon distillate fraction having a boiling range of from 300 to 700 F.

14. An anti-clogging concentrate adapted to be added to hydrocarbon fuel oil containing substantial cracked components and normally susceptible to clogging, said concentrate consisting essentially of from 10-20% polyoxyalkylene derivative of a partial ester of sorbitan and oleic acid, about 10% barium salt of alkyl phenol sulfide and the balance being a liquid hydrocarbon distillate fraction having a boiling range of from 300 to 700 F.

15. An anti-clogging concentrate adapted to be added to hydrocarbon fuel oil containing substantial cracked components and normally susceptible to clogging, said concentrate consisting essentially of from 1020% a partial ester of polyethylene glycol and oleic acid and the balance being a liquid hydrocarbon distillate fraction having a boiling range of from 300 to 700 F.

' of from Ill-% sorbitan monolaurate, about 10% alkali metal petroleum sulfonate and the balance being a liquid hydrocarbon distillate fraction having a boiling range of from 300 to 700 F.

18. An anti-clogging concentrate adapted to be added to hydrocarbon fuel oil containing substantial cracked components and normally susceptible to clogging, said concentrate consisting essentially of from 10-20% polyoxyalkylene derivative of a partial ester of sorbitan and oleic acid, about 10% alkali metal petroleum sulfonate and the balance being a liquid hydrocarbon distillate fraction having a boiling range of from 300 to 700 F.

19. An anti-clogging concentrate adapted to be added to hydrocarbon fuel oil containing substantial cracked components and normally susceptible to clogging, said concentrate consisting essentially of from 1020% partial ester of polyethylene glycol and oleic acid, about 10% alkali metal petroleum sulfonate and the balance being a liquid hydrocarbon distillate fraction having a boiling range of from 300 to 700 F.

20. An anti-clogging concentrate adapted to be added to hydrocarbon fuel oil containing substantial cracked components and normally susceptible to clogging, said concentrate consisting essentially of from 10-20% of a partial ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid containing at least 8 carbon atoms and about 10% of a detergent selected from the class consisting of oil-soluble metal phenate and oil-soluble metal petroleum sulfonate and the balance being a liquid hydrocarbon distillate fraction having a boiling range of from 300 to 700 F.

JOHN B. R. CARON. EVERETT B. GLENDELNNING. CALMY WIES.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,296,069 Talbert et al. Sept. 15, 1942 2,322,820 Brown June 29, 1943 2,362,291 Winning Nov. 7, 1944 2,369,490 Proell Feb. 13, 1945 2,398,193 Sharp Apr. 9, 1946 2,434,490 Duncan Jan. 13, 1948 2,456,569 Smith Dec. 14, 1948 2,482,517 Schiermeier Sept. 20, 1949 

4. A FUEL OIL CONTAINING SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT OF CRACKED COMPONENTS AND ENTRAINED MOISTURE AND NORMALLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO CAUSE CLOGGING SAID FUEL OIL RENDERED NON-CLOGGING BY INCORPORATION THEREIN FROM ABOUT 0.0025 TO ABOUT 0.005% OF SORBITAN MONOLAURATE AND ABOUT 0.0025% OF BARIUM SALT OF ALKYL PHENOL DISULFIDE. 